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Bonellia viridis

Green Spoonworm


Lucie Malard (2013)                                                    


 

 

Fact Sheet

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Summary


Physical Description


External Morphology


Size


Ecology


Life History & Behaviour


Peristaltic movements


Feeding


Life Cycle


Sex Determination and Reproduction


Anatomy & Physiology


General Anatomy and Physiology


Digestive System


Proboscis


Bonellin Toxin


Parasitology


Evolution & Systematics


Biogeographic Distribution


Conservation & Threats


References & Links

References & Links

Agius,L., V. Jaccarini, J. Ballantine, V. Ferrito, A. Pelter, A. Psaila, and V.Zammit. "Photodynamic Action of Bonellin, an Integumentary Chlorin of Bonellia Viridis, Rolando (echiura, Bonelliidae)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 63.1(1979): 109-17. Print.

Berec L., P.J. Schembri, and D.S. Boukal. "Sex Determination in Bonellia Viridis (Echiura: Bonelliidae): Population Dynamics and Evolution." Oikos 108.3 (2005): 473-84. Web.

Edmonds,S. "Phylum Echiura." Polychaetes & Allies: The Southern Synthesis. 2000. 553-74. Print.

Goto R,Okamoto T, Ishikawa H, Hamamura Y, Kato M (2013) Molecular Phylogeny of Echiuran Worms (Phylum: Annelida) Reveals Evolutionary Pattern of Feeding Mode and Sexual Dimorphism. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56809. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056809

Harris,R. R., and V. Jaccarini. "Structure and Function of the Anal Sacs of Bonellia Viridis (Echiura: Bonellidae).” Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 61.2(1981): 413-30. Web.

Hessling, René, and Wilfried Westheide. "Are Echiura Derived From a Segmented Ancestor? Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Nervous System in Developmental Stages of Bonellia Viridis." Journal of Morphology 252 (2002):100-13. Web.

Hessling,R. "Novel Aspects of the Nervous System of Bonellia Viridis(Echiura)Revealed by the Combination of Immunohistochemistry, Confocal Laser-scanningMicroscopy and Three-dimensional Reconstruction." Hydrobiologia 496(2003): 225-39. Print.

Hughes,D. J., S. J. Marrs, C. J. Smith, and R.J A. Atkinson. "Observations of theEchiuran Worm Bonellia Viridis in the Deep Basin of the Northern Evoikos Gulf,Greece."Journal of the MarineBiological Association of the United Kingdom 79.2(1999): 361-63. Print.

[1] Jaccarini,V., and P. J. Schembri. "Feeding and Particle Selection in the Echiuran Worm Bonellia Viridis Rolando (Echiura: Bonelliidae)." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 28.2(1977): 163-81. Web.  

[2] Jaccarini,V., and P. J. Schembri. "Locomotory and Other Movements of the Proboscis of Bonellia Uiridis (Echiura, Bonelliidae)." Journal of Zoology, London 182 (1977): 467-76. Web.

Jaccarini,V., and P. J. Schembri. "The Proboscis Ciliation of the Echiuran Bonellia Viridis."Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 59.2 (1979): 377-84. Web.

Jaccarini,V., L. Agius, P. J. Schembri, and M. Rizzo. "Sex Determination and Larval Sexual Interaction in Bonellia Viridis Roland (Echiura: Bonellidae)” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 66 (1983): 25-40. Web.

Jensen, K. "Echiura (Spoon Worm)." Marine Parasitology. By Klaus Rohde. Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO, 2005. N. pag.Print.

Pechenik,J. A. Biology of the Invertebrates. 5th ed. Boston [u.a.: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2005. Print.

Pechenik,J. A. Biology of the Invertebrates. 6th ed. Boston [u.a.: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2010. Print.

Pelter,A. , J. A. Ballantine, V. Ferrito, V. Jaccarini, A. F. Psaila, and P. J. Schembri. "Bonellin, a Most Unusual Chlorin." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications 23 (1976): 999-1000. Print.

Pisanti, F. A., M. De Nicola Giudici, E. Aloj Totaro, and P. Russo. "Effects of Bonellin on Lipids.”Life Science 38 (1985):923-27. Web.

Ruppert E. F., S. Richard, and R. D.Barnes. "Echiura." Invertebrate Zoology. 7th ed. N.p.: Brooks/Coles, 2004. 490-95. Print.

Schembri,P. J., and V. Jaccarini. "Locomotory and Other Movements of the Trunk of Bonellia Viridis (Echiura, Bonelliidae)." Journal of Zoology, London 182 (1977): 477-94. Web.

Schuchert,P., and R. M. Rieger. "Ultrastructural Observations on the Dwarf Male of Bonellia Viridis (Echiura)." Acta Zoologica 71 (1990): 5-16. Print.

Stephen,A., S. Charles, J. Edmonds. The Phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. London: British Museum Natural History, 1972. Print.

Westheide, W. , D. McHugh, G. Purschke, and G. Rouse. "Systematization of the Annelida: Different         Approaches." Hydrobiologia 402 (1999): 291-307. Print.

Classification

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